Networking devises

Networking devises

Basically computer network is a group of multiple networking devises connect together for data sharing and all networks are made up of basic hardware building blocks to interconnected network nodes, such as NICs (Network Interface Card), routers, switches etc. when we implement the network to share the data or information through the network, it has methodological system to complete that methods. Every networking devises has its own functionalities and operations. When we consider the network devices, there are some special and main devises 

1.      Hub

2.      Switch

3.      Repeater

4.      Router

5.      Bridge

     HUB

•  Network hubs are categorized as physical layer devise in the OSI reference mode.
• Data travel around a network in packets, hub forwards these data packets out to all the devices connected to its ports (distributes packets to every device on the network).
• Commonly used connect segment of a LAN (Local Area Network) and Central connection point for LAN 
• Hub contains multiple ports.
• When data packet arrives at one port and I is copied to the other ports so that all segment of the LAN can see all packets.
• Cannot provide routing capabilities or other advanced network services.
•  Mainly there are 3 type hubs 

 

       SWITCH

• Hub and Switch function is same. It used to connect multiple computers together in a LAN segment but there some different between those two devises. 
• Function: when a switch receives data, switch identify the MAC (Media Access control) address of destination station and forward it to the correct port (Intelligent devise).
• Switches available 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 64 ports.
• Switches work in Layer 2 (Data Link Layer).
• Switch can detect the errors before forwarding data.

      REPEATERS

• Repeater is a devise that operates only at the physical layer.
• Function: regenerate the signal over the same network before the signal becomes too weak.
• Repeater only regenerate not amplify the signals and also it is copy the signal bit by bit and regenerate it at the original strength.
• Repeaters cannot be used to connect segments of different networks.

      ROUTER

• Network layer devise.
• Router forwards packets on the bases of their destination address. (connect multiple networks and forward packets destined either for its own network or other network)
• Functions: connect different network segments and different media types like UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) and fiber optic and also router can connect different network architectures like Token Ring (Ring topology) and Ethernet.
• Connect several small network into large network.
• Router reduce network traffic by creating collision domain and broadcast domains

    BRIDGE

•   Bridge work at the MAC sub-layer of the OSI model (Physical and Datalink)

    - Physical layer – it regenerates the signal it receives.

   - Data link layer – bridge can check source and destination of the data (MAC) contain in the  frame           

•  Bridge used to divide a large network in to small segments.

•  Bridge has per port. It means if a port force collision, other ports will not have effected of that collisions.

• Join different media types such as UTP with fiber optic and also connect different network architecture such as Ethernet and Token ring