Classes of IP and Type of IP address

Internet Protocol (IP)

Basically IP used to locate the data packets over the network from source to destination and it identifying number for a piece of network hardware. Internet protocol is main protocol in the protocol suit.

Furthermore, when locating the data packets to one end to another end, there is no confirmation of between them. Therefore, IP is not reliable protocol. Due to the send the data without set in the path, IP is connection less and also IP cannot control the errors and flows. World-wide IP addresses decided by IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) 

Classes of IP

The class of address defines which bits are used for the Host ID and Network ID. In early network usage is low. Therefore, the bits for the network are 8. But when network are increases, the mount of bits to be added to the above network section (Network ID) was increased. In this way based on the number of bits per network, the IP addresses were divided into three classes 

1.      Class A

2.      Class B

3.      Class C

Class A

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

     

        Network bits                                                              Host Bits

               2⁷                                                                             2²⁴

In class A IP first bit of the network side is not used. It used to identify the class. In this way there are 7 bits for the network partition. Accordingly, we can create 128 network within the class A IP range. By avoiding the 1 and 0 status of the range, useable network is reduced to 126 networks. There 2²⁴ devices can be connecting to this Host part. But practically we did not connect this much of devices per one network. therefore, most of IP addresses wasted in this class. 127 IP address used for testing (Loop-Nack IP).

  Range of class A IP: 0 – 126   

  Ex IP address: 124.100.3.30

  Class B

1 0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

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1

                              Network bits                                                          Host Bits

                                    2¹⁴                                                                                      2¹⁶

Between 128- 191 bits are considered in class B IP addresses. First and second bits are considered 1 and 0. Therefore network part have only 2¹⁴ networks and for Host section we can connect the   2¹⁶ devices. By avoiding the 0 and 1 value of the network section we can get the 16,382 number of possible network IDs.

  Range of class B IP: 128 – 191  

  Ex IP address: 191.25.2.3

  

Class C

 

1 1 0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

                                                                                                     

                                   Network bits                                                       Host Bits

                                        2²¹                                                                                        2⁸

If the first part of IP 192- 223, it is a class C IP. 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd bits defined by 1,1,0 bits. It used for determined to the class of C IP addresses. Available networks is a 2²¹ and Host devices can be connected to the network. By avoiding the 0 and 1 value of the network section we can get the 2,097,150 number of possible network IDs.

  Range of class C IP: 192 – 223  

  Ex IP address: 192.168.1.3

  Where class C IPs use –  LAN networks.

Summary of the IP classes

Class of IP	Total number of Bits in Network ID / Host ID	Identification of Class of IP	Bits of network part that used to identify the class	Usable number of network IP bits	Number of possible network IDs	Number of host IPs per network ID
Class A	8/24	0xxxxxxx	1	8-1 = 7	27-2 = 126	224-2 = 16,277,214
Class B	16/16	10xxxxxx	2	16-2 = 14	214-2 = 16,382	216-2 = 65,534
Class C	24/8	110xxxxx	3	24-3 =21	221-2 = 2,097,150	28-2 = 254

Static IP

When assigned IP address to the devise in statically, the address will not be changed. Routers, phones, desktop, laptops and any other devices that can use an IP address can be can be configured to have static IP address. This address is assigned in manually from the user to the device 

Dynamic IP

Dynamic IP is a temporary IP address assigned to a device when connected to the network. It is temporary numeric identification assigned to a node in a TCP/IP network. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server is assigned dynamic IP address for devices. DHCP can provide the IP address automatically to the devices. There are some advantages

·         On local networks the user population changes frequently.

·         It reduces the burden on network support staff.

·         A virtually eliminates IP address errors.